Congenital & Developmental

Articles in this section

Eighteen articles across spinal dysraphism, craniocervical anomalies, segmentation defects, and developmental disorders of the vertebrae.

1. 01

   Spinal Dysraphism Overview

   Open vs. closed framework

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2. 02

   Spina Bifida Occulta

   Posterior arch defect without herniation

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3. 03

   Meningocele

   CSF-filled meningeal sac

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4. 04

   Myelomeningocele

   Open dysraphism, cord exposed

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5. 05

   Tethered Cord Syndrome

   Low-lying conus, thick filum

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6. 06

   Diastematomyelia

   Split cord with bony / fibrous septum

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7. 07

   Dermal Sinus Tract

   Skin to cord — infection risk

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8. 08

   Lipomyelomeningocele

   Fatty mass with cord involvement

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9. 09

   Caudal Regression Syndrome

   Sacrococcygeal agenesis

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10. 10

    Chiari I Malformation

    Tonsillar descent ≥ 5 mm

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11. 11

    Syringomyelia

    Cystic cord cavitation

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12. 12

    Klippel-Feil Syndrome

    Congenital cervical fusion

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13. 13

    Os Odontoideum

    Separate ossicle from C2 body

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14. 14

    Block Vertebra

    Congenital fusion of adjacent vertebrae

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15. 15

    Butterfly Vertebra

    Sagittal cleft in vertebral body

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16. 16

    Hemivertebra

    Hemi-formation — congenital scoliosis

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17. 17

    Transitional Vertebra

    Lumbarized S1 / sacralized L5

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18. 18

    Scheuermann Disease

    Adolescent kyphosis, Schmorl nodes

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