Imaging Modalities

Articles in this section

Nine articles covering the technical foundations and standard protocols of spine imaging.

1. 01

   Spine Radiography (X-ray)

   Technique, views, and indications

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2. 02

   Flexion-Extension Radiographs

   Dynamic evaluation of segmental instability

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3. 03

   CT of the Spine

   Technique, reconstructions, and indications

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4. 04

   CT Myelography

   Intrathecal contrast technique

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5. 05

   MRI of the Spine

   Technique, coils, and standard protocols

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6. 06

   MRI Pulse Sequences for Spine

   T1, T2, STIR, and advanced sequences

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7. 07

   Gadolinium Enhancement in Spine MRI

   Indications and enhancement patterns

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8. 08

   MR Myelography

   Non-invasive CSF-bright imaging

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9. 09

   Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) of the Spine

   Functional MRI for benign vs malignant fractures

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10. 10

    Nuclear Medicine — Bone Scan for Spine

    Skeletal scintigraphy with ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MDP

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11. 11

    PET/CT of the Spine

    Metabolic imaging applications

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12. 12

    Spinal Angiography

    Catheter-based vascular mapping

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13. 13

    Discography

    Provocative disc injection

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14. 14

    Ultrasound of the Neonatal Spine

    First-line screening for spinal dysraphism

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15. 15

    Image-Guided Spine Procedures

    Fluoroscopic and CT-guided interventions

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